Annotation:Fairy Queen (1)
Tune properties and standard notation
FAIRY QUEEN [1], THE ("An Beanriog Sige" or "Banrion na Siog"). AKA and see "Before the Battle," "Ciste no stór," "Hide Me from Death," "My Love and Treasure," "Save Me from Death (O)." Irish, Air (3/4 or 6/4 time). G Major. Standard tuning (fiddle). AB (Barnes): ABC (Complete Collection): ABCD (O'Neill {both versions}). Both words and air are one of the early compositions of the Irish harper Turlough O'Carolan (1670-1738), dating from the time he lived with one of his first patrons, George Reynolds Esq., whose seat was Letterfyan, County Leitrim. The year was 1693 and O'Carolan was then age 23. The lyrics were founded on a supposed battle between the fairies at Sidhe Beag and Sidhe Mor; the words are poor, critiques Kohl, but the tune is exquisite. The tune takes its name from the first line of the accompanying verse (an alternate title "Save/Hide Me from Death" is taken from a translation of the last line of the first verse).
The Irish collector Edward Bunting (1840) believes the air "Ciste No Stor" (Coffers nor Stores) is the original of "Fairy Queen," "the only difference being that Carolan added two parts to it, in which it was generally played the the harpers." Indeed, it is in John and William Neal's Collection of the Most Celebrated Irish Tunes (1724) that the O'Carolan tune appears earliest in print, where it is given as "Fairy Queen by sigr Carrollini," in 3/4 time. "Fairy Queen" was recorded by the Belfast Northern Star of July 15th, 1792, as having been played in competition by one of ten Irish harp masters at the last great convocation of ancient Irish harpers, the Belfast Harp Festival, held that week. The harper who played it was Arthur O'Neill (1734-1818) of County Tyrone, as indicated in Bunting's notes from the festival (1796), blinded at age two but known as a good harper who became a close friend of Bunting's. Previously O'Neill had played the air (along with "The Green Woods of Truagh") at the second Granard Harp Competition in 1782, a performance which earned him the second prize of six guineas.
That the melody continued to be played on the harp after that time is attested to by a German traveller named Kohl, who published a work on Ireland in 1844. While visiting a residence in Drogheda an unknown harper was brought in to entertain the assembled guests. O'Neill (1913) quotes:
The march of 'Brian Boru' was followed by an air called 'The Fairy Queen,' which I was told was a very old melody. Old or not I can testify that it is a charming piece of music, so tender, so fairy like and at the same time so wild and sweetly playful that it can represent nothing but the dancing and singing of the elves and fairies by moonlight. I afterwards heard the piece on the pianoforte, but it did not sound half so soft and sweet as from the instrument of the blind young harper (p. 99).
The tune is discussed in DOSC, volume II, pp. 116-117 and in Willis' edition of Neale's Celebrated Irish Tunes, No. 17.
Source for notated version: Collector Edward Bunting (1840) notes that he "obtained this charming melody from the late Doctor Matthew Young, afterwards Bishop of Clonfert", but elsewhere collected a version from harper Arthur O'Neill; John and William Neal's Collection of the Most Celebrated Irish Tunes (Dublin, c. 1726) [O'Sullivan].
Printed sources: Barnes (English Country Dance Tunes, vol. 2), 2005; pg. 41. Bunting (Ancient Music of Ireland), 1840 (appears as "My Love and Treasure"). Complete Collection of Carolan's Irish Tunes, 1984; No. 195, p. 133. Heymann (Legacy of the 1792 Belfast Harp Festival), 1992; pp. 12-16. O'Neill (Krassen), 1976; p. 229. O'Neill (Music of Ireland: 1850 Melodies), 1903; No. 637, p. 114. O'Neill (Irish Minstrels and Musicians), 1913, p. 72. O’Sullivan (Carolan: The Life Times and Music of an Irish Harper), 1958; No. 195, pp. 211-212.
Recorded sources: