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{{SheetMusic
{{SheetMusic
|f_track=The King of the Pipers.mp3
|f_track=GroomsTune.mp3
|f_pdf=King of the Pipers.pdf
|f_pdf=Bonaparte Retreat.pdf
|f_artwork=Tarlach McSweeney.jpg
|f_artwork=GroomsPension.jpg
|f_tune_name=King of the Pipers
|f_tune_name=Bonaparte's Retreat
|f_track_title=King_of_the_Pipers_(1)
|f_track_title=Bonaparte's Retreat_(1)
|f_section=abc
|f_section=abc
|f_played_by=[https://soundcloud.com/dickydeegan Dicky Deegan]
|f_played_by=[https://soundcloud.com/dollyparton Dolly Parton]
|f_notes=One of the [[wikipedia:Tarlach_Mac_Suibhne| two existing photos]] of Tarlach Mac Suibhne. Variations of his name in English include, Tarlach Mac Sweeney, Turlough Mac Sweeney and Tarlagh Mac Sweeney.
|f_notes=To this day, North Carolina mountain fiddlers will refer to Bonaparte's Retreat as "Grooms' Tune".
|f_caption=On this recording there is a Dord Iseal accompanying the pipes. {{break}}
|f_caption=Grooms' widow had to have "deserted" cleared from his record. A notation on that last card says :
A dord Iseal is an Irish pre-Celtic Bronze Age Horn found preserved in the bogs of Ireland. {{break}}
"The charge of desertion against this man has been removed. It has been determined from evidence presented, that he was killed by the enemy, April 22, 1864, while absent on recruiting service in Haywood County, NC".
These have been replicated by Simon O'Dwyer and are blown in the same manner as the didgeridoo - to successfully accompany the pipes it is necessary they are in tune with the drones (''cit: Dicky Deegan'').
|f_source=[https://soundcloud.com/dollyparton/grooms-tune-bonapartes-retreat Soundcloud]
|f_source=[https://soundcloud.com/dickydeegan/03-an-buinnean-bui-the-king-of Soundcloud]
|f_pix=420  
|f_pix=420  
|f_picpix=200
|f_picpix=200
|f_article=[[King_of_the_Pipers_(1) | '''King of the Pipers''']]
|f_article=[[Bonaparte's Retreat_(1) | '''Bonaparte's Retreat''']]




There are a number of versions of this popular jig, with parts (varation sets) often in different order. Francis O'Neill ('''Irish Folk Music''', 1910) says that the multi-part tune "created a sensation" when introduced to Chicago traditional musicians and dancers ("who had never heard" it before) by the elderly fiddler Edward Cronin, originally from Limerick Junction, County Tipperary (born in the early 1840's).  
According to Blue Ridge Mountain local history the tune was known in the Civil War era. Geoffrey Cantrell, writing in the '''Asheville Citizen-Times''' of Feb., 23, 2000 relates the story of the execution of three men by the Confederate Home Guard on April 10th, 1865, the day after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.


O'Neill thought it "quite probable" that the melody had originally been a clan march.  
That news would not have been known to them, given the difficulty with communications at that time. It is documented that Henry Grooms, his brother George and his brother-in-law Mitchell Caldwell, all of north Haywood County, North Carolina, were taken prisoner by the Guard under the command of one Captain Albert Teague-no one knows why, but the area had been ravaged by scalawags and bushwackers, and the populace had suffered numerous raids of family farms by Union troops hunting provisions.


King of the Pipers is a common tune in County Donegal, where two different versions are played (see also [[King of the Pipers (2)]]).  
One theory is that the men were accused of being Confederate deserters who, perhaps knowing the war was nearly over, had aided the Union cause in some way. There was much back-and-forth guerilla warfare, however, and the village of Waynesville had been burned two months earlier (by Unionists), and the citizenry was beleaguered and anxious. Caldwell and the Grooms brothers were captured in the Big Creek section of Haywood County, close to the Tennessee border.  


Seán Keane was of the opinion the melody had a Donegal provenance and said it was associated with the Order of the Knights of St. Patrick. Caoimhin Mac Aoidh (1994) states that the tunes "clearly have piping origins" and remarks on the melody/drone rendition of the piece by Teelin, Donegal, fiddlers Francie Dearg Byrne and Mickey Ban Byrne--a style imitative of the pipes.  
Cantrell writes: "The group traveled toward Cataloochee Valley and Henry Grooms, clutching his fiddle and bow, was asked by his captors to play a tune. Realizing he was performing for his own firing squad Grooms struck up Bonaparte's Retreat," his favorite tune.
 
When he finished the three men were lined up against an oak tree and shot, the bodies left where they fell. Henry's wife gathered the bodies and buried them in a single grave in the family plot at Sutton Cemetery No. 1 in the Mount Sterling community, the plain headstone reading only "Murdered."  
 
The original source for the story is George A. Miller, in his book '''Cemeteries and Family Graveyards in Haywood County, N.C.''' 
}}
}}

Revision as of 18:59, 12 January 2025


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File:GroomsTune.mp3 Bonaparte's Retreat


According to Blue Ridge Mountain local history the tune was known in the Civil War era. Geoffrey Cantrell, writing in the Asheville Citizen-Times of Feb., 23, 2000 relates the story of the execution of three men by the Confederate Home Guard on April 10th, 1865, the day after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.

That news would not have been known to them, given the difficulty with communications at that time. It is documented that Henry Grooms, his brother George and his brother-in-law Mitchell Caldwell, all of north Haywood County, North Carolina, were taken prisoner by the Guard under the command of one Captain Albert Teague-no one knows why, but the area had been ravaged by scalawags and bushwackers, and the populace had suffered numerous raids of family farms by Union troops hunting provisions.

One theory is that the men were accused of being Confederate deserters who, perhaps knowing the war was nearly over, had aided the Union cause in some way. There was much back-and-forth guerilla warfare, however, and the village of Waynesville had been burned two months earlier (by Unionists), and the citizenry was beleaguered and anxious. Caldwell and the Grooms brothers were captured in the Big Creek section of Haywood County, close to the Tennessee border.

Cantrell writes: "The group traveled toward Cataloochee Valley and Henry Grooms, clutching his fiddle and bow, was asked by his captors to play a tune. Realizing he was performing for his own firing squad Grooms struck up Bonaparte's Retreat," his favorite tune.

When he finished the three men were lined up against an oak tree and shot, the bodies left where they fell. Henry's wife gathered the bodies and buried them in a single grave in the family plot at Sutton Cemetery No. 1 in the Mount Sterling community, the plain headstone reading only "Murdered."

The original source for the story is George A. Miller, in his book Cemeteries and Family Graveyards in Haywood County, N.C. {{safesubst:#invoke:string|rep|
|2}}

...more at: Bonaparte's Retreat - full Score(s) and Annotations



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