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Old and New Edinburgh, vol. 2 (p. 55) gives that Burns’ poem was inspired by a member of the Crochallan Fencibles, a convivial society in Edinburgh that met at Dawney Douglas’s tavern, to which Burns was introduced in 1787. The member’s name was Wiliam Dunbar, W.S., and he was the “Colonel” of the club and a predominant wit. A different tale has it that Rattlin' Willie was a wandering fiddler famous as both a musician and as a brawler in the Jedburgh (Jeddart) area, whose "sword-hand was dreaded as much as his bowing arm was admired". He fell out with another fiddler named Robin Rool (Robin of Rule Water) after an argument over their respective musical abilities and in the fight that ensued Robin was killed. His death was avenged at the hands of two of the Elliots, who in turn slew Willie. Scott alludes to Rattlin' Roarin' Willie (described as “the jovial harper”) in his The Lay of the Last Minstrel, noting that he was a real person. Other accounts say that Willie, still a ‘rantin’, roarin’ lad, lived in the 17th century and did business in the Hawick and Langholm districts, until, having had the misfortune to murder a brother in trade who passed by the name of 'Sweet Milk', he was executed at Jedburgh. Neil (1991) quotes the following verse:
The Lasses of Ousenam Water
Are rugging and riving their hair,
And a' for the sake O' Willie—
They'll hear his sangs nae mair,
Nae mair to his merry fiddle
Dance Teviot's maidens free;
My curses on their cunning
That gar'd sweet Willie dee!
...more at: Rantin' Roarin' Willie - full Score(s) and Annotations
X:1 T:Ranting Roaring Willie [1] T:Rattlin' Roarin' Willie M:9/4 L:1/4 S:Henry Atkinson's original MS, Hartburn, N'umberland, 1694, no. HA.134 O:England A:Hartburn, Northumberland N:"Unedited". Many inconsistencies in the MS, but I have refrained from editing N:as it is a tune commonly found elsewhere. CGP N:See Matt Seattle's reconstruction http://www.folknortheast.com/learn/core-tunes/rattlin-roarin-willie H:1/4 Z:vmp.Chris Partington, Jan. 2004 K:D V:1 clef=treble name="1." [V:1] (B/c/)|A2D F2D (FA)B|cdc (cG)EG(AB)|A2D F2D (F/A/) |(B/c/) (d/c/)(d/c/)(d/c/)”^sic barlines”| (d/c/)(B/A/)(G/F/) A2(B/c/)|(d/c/)(d/c/)(d/c/) (d/c/)(B/A/) (G/F/) A2B|cdc (c/G/)E GAB|A2F B2A d2(c/B/)| ADF ECE D2||D|DA,D DA,D DA,D|EDE CEC (E/F/G)E|EA,D DA,D DA,D|FEF CFC F/G/AF| EDE CEC (E/F/)GE|A2F B2A d2(c/B/)| ADF ECE D2||A|d>ef f>ef d2A|c>de e>de c2A| cAB Adc/B/|A/D/F E/C/ED2||A|AFD AFD AFD|cGE cGE cGE|AFD AFD| dAF dAF dAF|dAF dAF dAF|cGE cGE G>AB|A2F B2A dc/B/| ADF FCE D3-|D2|] W:See notes re editing