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{{SheetMusic
{{SheetMusic
|f_track=Sir Roger De Coverley.mp3
|f_track=GroomsTune.mp3
|f_pdf=Roger of Coverly.pdf
|f_pdf=Bonaparte Retreat.pdf
|f_artwork=Sir Roger De Coverley.png
|f_artwork=GroomsPension.jpg
|f_tune_name=Sir Roger de Coverley
|f_tune_name=Bonaparte's Retreat
|f_track_title=Sir Roger de Coverley
|f_track_title=Bonaparte's Retreat_(1)
|f_section=abc
|f_section=abc
|f_played_by=[https://soundcloud.com/p-a-barn-dance Pump Action Band]
|f_played_by=[https://soundcloud.com/dollyparton Dolly Parton]
|f_notes=Sir Roger de Coverley and gypsies, 1840 engraving.
|f_notes=To this day, North Carolina mountain fiddlers will refer to Bonaparte's Retreat as "Grooms' Tune".
|f_caption=Roger, so named from the Archbishop of York, was a person of renowned hospitality, since, at this day since, at this day, the obsolete known tune of 'Roger a Calverley' is referred to him, who, according to the custom of those times, kept his Minstrels, from that, their office, named Harpers, which became a family, and possessed lands till late years in and about Calverley called to this day Harpersroids and Harper's Spring.
|f_caption=The last card in his file is from 1893. His widow was probably years obtaining a widow's pension. She had to have "deserted" cleared from his record. A notation on that last card says :{{break|2}}
|f_source=[https://soundcloud.com/p-a-barn-dance/sir-roger-de-coverley Soundcloud]
"''The charge of desertion against this man has been removed. It has been determined from evidence presented, that he was killed by the enemy, April 22, 1864, while absent on recruiting service in Haywood County, NC''".
|f_source=[https://soundcloud.com/dollyparton/grooms-tune-bonapartes-retreat Soundcloud]
|f_pix=420  
|f_pix=420  
|f_picpix=200
|f_picpix=200
|f_article=[[Sir Roger de Coverley | '''Sir Roger de Coverley''']]
|f_article=[[Bonaparte's Retreat_(1) | '''Bonaparte's Retreat''']]




The tune has had a long history in English country dance, retaining its popularity almost until the present-day. One source gives that the air is printed in Playford's '''Dancing Master''', 1650, p. 167 (though other sources say it did not appear until later editions of the '''Dancing Master''' starting in 1669).  
According to Blue Ridge Mountain local history the tune was known in the Civil War era. Geoffrey Cantrell, writing in the '''Asheville Citizen-Times''' of Feb., 23, 2000 relates the story of the execution of three men by the Confederate Home Guard on April 10th, 1865, the day after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.


Dr. Rimbault ('''Notes and Queries''', i. No. 8) gives the earliest printing as Playford’s '''Division Violin''' (1685). Kidson finds it first published in Henry Playford’s '''Dancing Master, 9th edition''' of 1695 (p. 167), printed with dance directions, and it was retained in the long-running '''Dancing Master''' series of editions through the 18th and final one of 1728 (then published by Playford's successor, John Young).  
That news would not have been known to them, given the difficulty with communications at that time. It is documented that Henry Grooms, his brother George and his brother-in-law Mitchell Caldwell, all of north Haywood County, North Carolina, were taken prisoner by the Guard under the command of one Captain Albert Teague-no one knows why, but the area had been ravaged by scalawags and bushwackers, and the populace had suffered numerous raids of family farms by Union troops hunting provisions.


One theory is that the men were accused of being Confederate deserters who, perhaps knowing the war was nearly over, had aided the Union cause in some way. There was much back-and-forth guerilla warfare, however, and the village of Waynesville had been burned two months earlier (by Unionists), and the citizenry was beleaguered and anxious. Caldwell and the Grooms brothers were captured in the Big Creek section of Haywood County, close to the Tennessee border.


The tune is mentioned in an odd political tract entitled '''A Second Tale of a Tub: or the History of Robert Powell, the Puppet-Show-man''' (1715).  
Cantrell writes: "The group traveled toward Cataloochee Valley and Henry Grooms, clutching his fiddle and bow, was asked by his captors to play a tune. Realizing he was performing for his own firing squad Grooms struck up Bonaparte's Retreat," his favorite tune.  


A crowd of spectators was present for an organ performance, at the conclusion of which the various factions in the audience began to call for their favorite tunes. Amongst the crowed were:
When he finished the three men were lined up against an oak tree and shot, the bodies left where they fell. Henry's wife gathered the bodies and buried them in a single grave in the family plot at Sutton Cemetery No. 1 in the Mount Sterling community, the plain headstone reading only "Murdered."
<blockquote>
 
''a parcel of brawny fellows with Mantles about their shoulders, and blew caps about their heads. Next to them sate a company of clownish look’d Fellows with leather breeches, and hob nail’d shoes...the great booby hod nailed fellows whose breeches and lungs seem’d to be of the same leather, cried out for “Cheshire Rounds,” “Roger of Coverley,” “Joan’s Placket,” and “Northern Nancy.” Those with the Blew bonnets had very good voices, and split their Wems in hollowing out—“Bonny Dundee”—“Valiant Jockey,” “Sauny was a Bonny Lad,” and “’Twas within a Furlong of Edinburgh Town.
The original source for the story is George A. Miller, in his book '''Cemeteries and Family Graveyards in Haywood County, N.C.''' 
</blockquote>
}}
}}

Latest revision as of 19:03, 12 January 2025


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File:GroomsTune.mp3 Bonaparte's Retreat


According to Blue Ridge Mountain local history the tune was known in the Civil War era. Geoffrey Cantrell, writing in the Asheville Citizen-Times of Feb., 23, 2000 relates the story of the execution of three men by the Confederate Home Guard on April 10th, 1865, the day after Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.

That news would not have been known to them, given the difficulty with communications at that time. It is documented that Henry Grooms, his brother George and his brother-in-law Mitchell Caldwell, all of north Haywood County, North Carolina, were taken prisoner by the Guard under the command of one Captain Albert Teague-no one knows why, but the area had been ravaged by scalawags and bushwackers, and the populace had suffered numerous raids of family farms by Union troops hunting provisions.

One theory is that the men were accused of being Confederate deserters who, perhaps knowing the war was nearly over, had aided the Union cause in some way. There was much back-and-forth guerilla warfare, however, and the village of Waynesville had been burned two months earlier (by Unionists), and the citizenry was beleaguered and anxious. Caldwell and the Grooms brothers were captured in the Big Creek section of Haywood County, close to the Tennessee border.

Cantrell writes: "The group traveled toward Cataloochee Valley and Henry Grooms, clutching his fiddle and bow, was asked by his captors to play a tune. Realizing he was performing for his own firing squad Grooms struck up Bonaparte's Retreat," his favorite tune.

When he finished the three men were lined up against an oak tree and shot, the bodies left where they fell. Henry's wife gathered the bodies and buried them in a single grave in the family plot at Sutton Cemetery No. 1 in the Mount Sterling community, the plain headstone reading only "Murdered."

The original source for the story is George A. Miller, in his book Cemeteries and Family Graveyards in Haywood County, N.C. {{safesubst:#invoke:string|rep|
|2}}

...more at: Bonaparte's Retreat - full Score(s) and Annotations



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